Recently, there have been diverse cases of academic articles being withdrawn.

In what cases are such withdrawals necessary? In general, academic advances have a lot to do with correcting previous errors. However, this does not mean that all articles which according to new knowledge clearly contain errors, must now be withdrawn. What then are the consequences of subsequently discovering one’s own errors? And is it acceptable to claim something in one article which one has (oneself) refuted in another? How should one deal with such contradictions?

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